Laravel – Namespaces

Namespaces are used in various programming languages to create a separate group of variable, functions and classes. A program may contain various functions and this may result in conflict with existing functions. Namespaces play a key role in avoiding such conflicts. This chapter gives you a detailed knowledge of namespaces and their usage in Laravel.

Declaration of namespace

Namespaces can be defined as a class of elements in which each element has a unique name to that associated class. It may be shared with elements in other classes.

You can declare a namespace as shown in the syntax given below −

1	use <namespace-name>;

Please note that the use keyword allows the developers to shorten the namespace. The default namespace used in Laravel is app, however a user can change the namespace to match with a web application.

You can create a user defined namespace by using artisan command as shown below −

1	php artisan app:name Tutorialspoint

On giving the above command, you can observe the output as shown in the following screenshot −

select_git

The namespace once created can include various functionalities which can be used in controllers and various classes. The code created on the basis of namespace in controller and kernel with files namely app/console/kernel.php and app/Http/controller.php are shown below −

Kernel.php

namespace Tutorialspoint\Console;   use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule; use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;   class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel{       /**       * The Artisan commands provided by your application.       *       * @var array    */       protected $commands = [     //    ];       /**       * Define the application's command schedule.       *       * @param \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule $schedule       * @return void    */       protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule){       // $schedule->command('inspire')       // ->hourly();    }       /**       * Register the Closure based commands for the application.       *       * @return void    */       protected function commands(){       require base_path('routes/console.php');    } }

Note that the functions namely schedule and commands helps in scheduling methods for Cron jobs and other functionalities.

Controller.php

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

<?php namespace Tutorialspoint\Http\Controllers;   use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs; use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController; use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests; use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;   class Controller extends BaseController{    use AuthorizesRequests, DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests; }

The controllers act as an intermediary between models and views. For the namespace which we created called Tutorialspoint, they will be used in core file of controllers controller.php. The namespace is initialized properly with Http\Controllers.

The namespace once created uses various other namespaces like AuthorizesRequests, DispatchesJobs and ValidatesRequests as mentioned in the above code.

Use Keyword

Namespaces take place in the position of current class. As mentioned in our example we have declared Tutorialspoint as our namespace and it is located in the app folder. The namespace declared will be App\Tutorialpoint. Whenever you want to use that class, you should use the use keyword.

The syntax for using use keyword is shown here −

1	use Tutorialspoint\Http\Controllers\Controller;